AN EVALUATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS: A STUDY OF GUARANTY TRUST BANK PLC ENUGU BRANCH

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Organizations are increasingly looking at human resources as a unique asset that can provide sustained competitive advantage. The changes in the business environment with increasing globalization, changing demographics of the workforce, increased focus on profitability through growth, technological changes, intellectual capital and the neverending changes that organizations are undergoing, have led to increased importance of managing human resources. (Devanna, Fomreau & Tichy, 1981; Write 1998). Human Resources is highly administrative and lacks strategic integration, it fails to provide the competitive advantages needed for survival, thus loosing its relevance. (Huselid & Becker 1997) found that there were noticeable financial returns for the organization whose Human Resources Management systems have achieved operational excellence and are aligned with business strategic goals. According to Ulrich (1998), a firm that employ Human Resources practices according to the stated strategy are regarded to have better perceptual performance. In recent years, a host of papers have been published which looks into the Strategic aspect of Human Resources Management. Ahmad (2001), classified various definitions of Strategic Human Resources Management based on strategy-focused, decision-focused, content-focused and implementation focused approach. According to the strategy-focused approach, as defined by Mathis and Jackson (1985), Human Resources Management is strategic by its very nature and all its elements have strategic linkages. The decision focused approach formulated by Devanna (1984), is based on three decisions making levels namely: operational, managerial and strategic. According to the content-focused approach as proposed by Torrington and Hall (1995) Human Resources emerges when Human Resources Management elements match the organization‟s strategy. While the Implementation-focused approach as brought forward by Miles and Snow (1984) is when Human Resources Management systems help in the formulation and implementation of business strategies.

Human Resources Management is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. Human Resources Management can also be performed by line managers. Human Resources Management is the organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organizational development, strategy, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration and training. Human Resources Management is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization‟s most valued assets; the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the business. The term “Human Resources Management” and “human resources” have largely replaced the term “personnel management” as a description of the processes involved in managing people in organizations. In simple words, Human Resources Management means employing people, developing their capabilities, utilizing, maintaining and compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational requirements. According to Lake (1990), Human Resources Management systems can be the source of organizational capabilities that allow firms to learn and capitalize on new opportunities. The main characteristics of Human Resources Management approach is that it meets the needs for a strategic approach to Human Resources Management which achieves “fit” between the business and the human resources strategy.

Human Resources is viewed as a source of competitive advantage in line with the concept of resource-based strategy; it is a comprehensive and coherent approach to the provision of mutually supporting employment policies and practices, and it is adopted through the development of integrated Human Resources policies and practices (Armstrong 2001). Some people believe that there are universal principles, practices and general know-how on which efficient and effective Human Resources Management is based. Adler and Ghader (1990) argued that companies handle Human Resources Management issues as if they were operating exclusively in domestic markets. The early advocates of Human Resources Management believed that organization should move away from the bureaucracy of personnel management to the apparent flexibility and responsiveness of Human Resources Management (HopeHailey 1998).

The overall purpose of Human Resources Management is to ensure that the organization is able to achieve success through people; specifically Human Resources Management is concerned with achieving objectives in certain areas like recruitment and development, relationships, valuing employees etc. This practice is no longer new in Nigerian organizations, but the problem is that most organizations are yet to fully apply or implement this. Based on this ground, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the Human Resources Management practices in Nigerian Organizations, using GTBank Enugu as a case study.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL FACTORS OF ENTERPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE

THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL FACTORS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PERFORMANCE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Entrepreneurship practices exist in most countries of the world, including Nigeria. In Nigeria the development of entrepreneurship has gone a long way to achieve industrialization and economic development. Management scholars agree that although management theory and practices have universal applications, the individual and group with which it must interact, and the external environment differs in some way. It is acknowledged by management scholars also that there are many deviations in management theory all over the world. The attempt to discover the determinants of managerial success of entrepreneurs has always been a heartthrob among researchers of various fields of studies. Biographies of successful entrepreneurs and business men for instance reflected the tendency of the subject of such studies to explain their success in terms of virtue of handwork, thrift and clean living (Baridam 1995:15). As an alternative to biographical models are these studies that, turn the man who manipulates the omnipotent touch (gases 1983:20). Culture is dynamic in nature but cannot be change mechanically rather could be modified to suit a give environment. Almost every perception and behavior is guided by the human invention we call culture. Each culture shapes perception and behaviour by paving relative attention to some details of realities and ignoring others or by permitting some actions and forbidding others. Culture which forms parts of the complex education-sociological-cultural-political-legal-economic that interact and effect that performance of productive entrepreneur is often the less treated and less emphasized amongst these foregoing factors by business people (terpstra etal 1991:40); this notwithstanding the fact that it forms the bedrock on which the other factors operate.

Speculations dealing with the supposal effects of cultural factors of an environment on the performance of productive enterprises in that environment are on the rife.  However, empirical studies and a careful analysis of this situation in the context of entrepreneurship operating in developing countries remains to be exhaustively and satisfactorily treated. Though it can clearly be said that cultural factors have a substantial impact on managerial or entrepreneurial effectiveness and productivity measured in a given instance owing to the fact that sociological and cultural constraints are difficult to measure in quality.  This is always  a problem when one wishes to deal with human attitudes and value, it is often hard to distinguish popular misconceptions and myths from the realities of the situation (farmer etal 1965:60) so, it therefore becomes patient to test a number of significant and operational hypothesis in order to explain and predict production efficiency with a high degree of accuracy and confidence in any given case.

The issue of culture as it affects the performance of cultural factors affecting the performance of entrepreneur should take into consideration firstly, the salient cultural constrain that impinge upon the understanding and secondly, it should be established how these salient cultural constraints meet in one way or the other in the performance of firm. In addition socio-cultural variables also have impact on planning and control as well as the various production functions of these firms enterprises. Such as; research development, production marketing and finance. This study, will attempt to identify the various cultural factor that affect entrepreneurial operation in the understudied environment and also determine how these cultural factor affect the performance of entrepreneurs in the said environment.

1.2       STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The fact that entrepreneurs contribute to the development of less development countries is irrefutable (freeman 1981:50). The issue that a nation culture and primary socializations produce several constraints which impinge upon the operation of productive entrepreneurs operating in developing countries like Nigeria ought to carryout in depth analysis on the socio-cultural factors inherent in the environment before they proceed with that venture. The form once it’s established is constrained by various factors inherent in the environment. Although all constraint areas (educational, socio-culture, political, legal, economic e.t.c) are come major difficulty that he in the social-cultural sector (farmer etal 1967:70). This case is very true , since the aspect of dealing with people oriented with strange custom and value usually present a problem.

The above issue is reflective of the Nigeria situation, experts have posited that cultural constraint are the bottom line when considering the issue of in efficiency and poor performance of enterprises in Nigeria.

This may not completely be true because whenever one is dealing human attitudes and value, it is often hand to distinguish popular misconception from the realities of the situation. These arises therefore, a need to determine (empirically) whether the cultural constraint in port Harcourt is significant enough to affect the performance of entrepreneurs operating therein.

1.3       PURPOSE OF STUDY

The general objectives of this study is to identify the impact of cultural factors on entrepreneurs and to what extent they affect them

1.                  To identify various cultural factors that initiate against the performance of entrepreneurs and to what extent they affect them

2.                  To identity the present effect of cultural factors of entrepreneurial performance

3.                  To examine entrepreneurs reaction towards cultural changes and therir coping strategies.

4.                  To examine other non-cultural factors and the extent to which they affect entrepreneurs.

1.4       RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research Question with the study.

1.                  To what extent does norms relate with entrepreneurs performance of some selected private firms in Port Harcourt?

2.                  To what extent does belief system relate with entrepreneurs performance of some selected private firms in Port Harcourt?

3.                  To what extent does attitude relate with entrepreneurs performance of some selected private firms in Port Harcourt?

THE RELEVANCE OF MODERN OFFICE TECHNOLOGY ON THEJOB PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE MANAGERS IN AN ORGANIZATIONS

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study

For decades, rapid changes have been taking place in all facets of human life, including office technologies, as a result of technological advancement (Davenport, 2013). Margaret and Pac (2009) state that for an office to run smoothly, facts and accurate information are necessary for quick decision-making, and modern office technologies can help managers be focused and in contact with their co-workers. It can, therefore, be said that having advanced office technologies can increase a manager’s work performance, because such technologies make work flexible. According to Ndlovu (2009), businesses need to be managed effectively so that they have highly productive employees executing goals aligned with the organization’s strategic objectives. Office technologies play a part in helping businesses meet these strategic objectives. Modern technologies need to be managed effectively, because during their use, a business’s most important information can easily be lost. In businesses, an effective way to improve productivity is to raise the level of technology. Management support plays a vital role, managers are the key in ensuring that technology is used to benefit the business. Kao et al. (1996) mentioned that technology is more beneficial when supported by good management systems, and that technology has a limited contribution to productivity. Business managers play a critical role in planning, controlling, coordinating and leading their employees in businesses, to ensure that the right technologies are brought into the organization.

Several changes have taken place in private and public offices as regard the roles and functions of the secretary. The type of machines and gadgets that were used to produce, duplicate and store information has undergone a great transformation to cope with the fast growing world of technology. The success of any organization relies much on the secretary whose role though supportive is critical to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. In today’s organizations one of the things that make organizations unique is the use of modern technological gadgets. Both internal and external forces such as market competition, consumer behaviour, technology and quality management are the drivers of organizational change In today’s business world, every office requires facts and accurate information for quick decision making (Akpomi and Ordu, 2009). In Modern Office Technology the role of the secretary is crucial in the life or progress of an organization hence, needs some technological and human backing from the work place. The effective performance of the Professional Secretary depends upon the office equipment, knowledge and skills, of Professional Secretary. The skill level and functioning of the traditional secretary involve greater physical and mental ability. The introduction of modern technologies and programmes has lessened the onerous tasks for the modern secretary. These range from production, reproduction, storage and retrieval among others. With this advancement of technology, the use of the computer and software programmes facilitates the work of the professional secretary. These include the use of machines such as printer, fax, pen drive, cell phones, photo copier, telex and internet. These requisite knowledge and skills make the position of the secretary rather challenging. With the improvement in technology and recent development in office, it is envisaged that the work of the secretary will be easier. However, these new developments brought by technological challenges require even more knowledge and skills beyond being a professional secretary. For the secretary to be abreast with the changing times, face the challenges and overcome the old ways of doing things she or he needs training requirements in recent times to help meet organizational objectives. Information technology have affected many professions in recent times. The roles of secretarial professionals have been turned around by technology. It has provided the tools that shift the role of secretaries from that of information recorders to business strategists (Adedoyin, 2010; Appah and Emeh, 2011 and Jaiyeola, 2007). Several other authors are of the view that the secretary has to be well equipped to meet the present challenges of a modern office. There are conclusions by experts in the secretarial profession that there need to be changes that will reshape the office (Boladele, 2002; Onifade, 2009; Igbinedion, 2010). The objectives of the study are to establish the level of availability of modern office gadgets. It also measures the knowledge and usage of office equipment and their impact on productivity.

1.2       Statement of the Problem

Cameron (1982), a very long time ago, commented that it takes up to 10 to 15 years between the introduction of new equipment in the market and its installation in small organizations. This is particularly peculiar to private business organizations in developing countries. In modern times, it is not uncommon to find some organizations still subjecting secretaries and office managers to the use of manual typewriters. When managers in an organization are not provided with efficient and effective working tools, productivity is definitely bound to be low.

1.3       Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of this study is to examine critically the relevance of modern office technology on the job performance of office managers in an organizations. At the end of this study, the researcher would be able to: 

        i.            State the usefulness of modern office Technology

      ii.            Identify types of modern office technologies used in an organization.

    iii.            Examine the situation in the use of modern office technology in private business organizations in Ogun State, Nigeria?

    iv.            Analyse the impacts of modern office technology used by the office managers in an organization.

1.4       Research Questions

        i.            What is the extent of usage of modern office technological gadgets by the secretaries in business organizations?

      ii.            What are the modern office technologies used in an organization?

    iii.            what are situation in the use of modern office technology in private business organizations has been given?

    iv.            How does modern office technology used by the office managers had impact  in business organization?

1.5       Significance of the Study

It is hoped that the findings of this study will be of immense benefit to administrators, secretarial staff, researchers, secretarial education students. Administrators (management): There is no single organization that can do without training and developing its staff. As such this study will provide adequate information to the management that will go through it to get a foreknowledge of the importance of modern office technology and the condition that determine the use of modern office technology. The results of the study will hopefully stimulate further research on the relevance of modern office technology on the job performance of office managers in an organization. Finally, secretarial education students would benefit from the findings of the study. They would understand better concepts being taught and be able to express their views about concepts encountered in classroom interactions.

1.6       Scope of the Study

There are several areas of research on students’ opportunities, but this study is focused on relevance of modern office technology on the job performance of office managers in business organizations. Specifically, some career indicators; office skills, managerial skills, entrepreneurial skills and the Information Communication Technology skills will be used to determine the use of modern office technology within few business organization in Abeokuta, Ogun State.

THE RELEVANCE OF MODERN OFFICE TECHNOLOGY ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE MANAGERS IN AN ORGANIZATIONS

1.7       Limitation of the Study

During the course of this research work, the study was affected by some constraints, However, the major constraint was that, the study was limited to business organization in Abeokuta, Ogun State, the respondent were not fully open minded due to some top secrets in the practice more so, the researcher were affected by lack of coverage due to the wideness of the study area, data interpretation and computation, finally, the researcher were affected by financial constraints.

1.8       Delimitation of the Study

This study is delimited to the relevance of modern office technology on the job performance of office managers in business organizations.

1.9       Definition of Terms

Relevance: The quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate.

Modern: Modern is relating to the present or recent times as opposed to the remote past.

IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: CASE OF POPULATION SERVICES KENYA

IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: CASE OF POPULATION SERVICES KENYA

CHAPTER ONE 
INTRODUCTION 

1.1 Background of the Study 

Since the early years of the 20th century, the world has been experiencing a revolution known as information technology. Some consider it to be the most fascinating development since the industrial revolution around the mid-18th Century (Tom, 1991). This revolution is changing our daily lives at home and at work, in shops and banks, in schools, colleges and universities. It is changing the way people think, communicate and behave. Today, the world has become a global village with the internet, mobile phones and satellite networks shrinking time and space, bringing together computers and communications; resulting in new ways of communication, processing, storing and distributing enormous amounts of information (UNDP, 2001). Advancement in chip, satellite, radio, and optical fiber technology have enabled millions of people around the world to connect electronically regardless of national or international boundaries. This explosion in connectivity is the latest and the most important wave in the information revolution (Evans & Wurster, 1997). Information Technology (IT) is clearly considered as a key growth area in this century, specifically, in a dynamic and highly competitive business environment which requires utilizing advanced IT tools to improve efficiency, cost effectiveness, and deliver high quality products and services to customers (Allen & Morton, 2004). IT is also considered as a tool of marketing, contacting customers and looking for possible customers, as well as presenting IT services as distinguished potential services for customers (UNDP, 2001; Werthner & Klein, 2005).

Organisations are increasingly using information technology to develop solutions to business problems, to improve both the efficiency and effectiveness of the decision-making process, to enhance productivity and service quality, to achieve dynamic stability, and compete for new markets (Attewell & Rule, 1984; Molloy & Schwenk, 1995; Boynton, 1993). According to Cerere (1993) organizations have always sought and adopted technologies that enhance efforts of their manpower in production and management. Indeed he noted that although it has evolved over a considerable period of time, information technology has emerged as an important tool in management of organizational operations.


2 1.1.1 Information Technology 

Information technology refers to anything related to computing technology, such as networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these technologies.

According to Daft (1997) IT can be defined as the hardware, software, telecommunications, database management, and other information-processing technologies used to store, process, and deliver information. Information technology is commonly used to assist managers with direct control over business functions, personnel and other resources.

As managers oversee resource coordination and allocation, it can be difficult to coordinate business functions across various projects. Information technology is one of the key innovations that is frequently implemented to assist in this process (Hobday, 2000).

Peansupap and Walker (2005) maintain that IT is often implemented as it is believed to facilitate communication, improve integration, enhance productivity and service delivery (Bjork, 1999).

As organisations grow and change, they depend more and more on information technology for their survival (Feeny & Willcocks, 1998). Companies today implement and use information technology to find solutions to business problems, to improve management decision-making, enhance productivity and quality, and compete for new markets in our global and aggressive business environment (Porter & Millar, 1985). Moreover, IT can be seen as a powerful force that opens exciting opportunities for organisations to achieve their missions and goals in an effective way. Therefore, leaders in organisations must obtain an overall appreciation of the potential of IT and link the acquisition and utilization of IT to the organizational mission (Hacker & Saxton, 2007).


1.1.2 Organisation Performance 

Information technology is at the core of many business functions, operations, products and services. Today, organisations worldwide spend over 50% of their new investment funds on IT and related

CAREER READINESS OF GRADUATING OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS IN OGUN STATE POLYTECHNIC (MOSHOOD ABIOLA POLYTECHNIC)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study

Career choice has been the major content of vocational advocacy. However, preparedness to take advantage of the openings in the area of career choice is more important than the mere choice of a career. To develop a career is a lifetime process encompassing the growth and change processes of childhood, through formal education at school throughout a person’s working adulthood and into retirement. Career development occurs through life and it is enhanced by lifelong learning. The term career as defined by Herr, Cramer and Niles (2004) is a sequence of interaction of individuals with society, education and organizations throughout their lifespan. A career can be defined as a pattern of work experiences comprising the entire life span of a person and which is generally seen with regard to a number of phases or stages reflecting the transition from one stage of life to the next (Weinert, 2001). Similarly, Collin (1998) explains that the term career arises from the interaction of individuals with organizations and society. This interaction, as Savickas (2009) proposes, is no longer merely just a sequence of jobs but is now a story or an identity that working people build about themselves.

Developing a career is as complex as personality development, which is not just a one shot event. Developing a career is not just a decision that takes place at the entry point to a job, but it involves the totality of an individual’s psychological, sociological, and educational events which eventually results into occupational choice and other life roles. The quality of this career development significantly determines the nature and quality of individuals’ lives: the kind of people they become, the sense of purpose they have, the income at their disposal.

It also determines the social and economic contribution they make to the communities and societies of which they are part. Career development requires specialised training in a particular direction or path, and this makes the role of education prominent in preparation for a career.

Career education plays a prominent role in preparing an individual to make and advance in a career path and this justifies why the role of school in career readiness is absolutely unavoidable. Career education is seen as an aspect of education and training which helps an individual to develop his fullest capacity and their potentialities in order to utilize their capacities for the benefit of society. Career education is a comprehensive educational programme that focuses on an individual and prepares a person for industrial or commercial occupations. Morgan (2003) defined career education as concerned with the development of knowledge, skills and attitudes through a planned programme of learning experiences, which will assist students to make informed choices about school, and post-school options and enable effective participation in working life. Career education focuses more on preparing people for the transition within school and the transition from school to work. This goes beyond choice of subjects, but includes the acquisition of skills necessary for performing the roles along ones career path (Abdulkadir, 2002). Career education would help in the restructuring of Nigeria educational system to a more job and vocational oriented education system. Career education for the Office Technology and Management (OTM) students in the polytechnics is to effectively prepare them for smooth transition from school to work. This basically, is to ensure that the OTM graduate is career ready, because he has the requisite knowledge, skills and experiences needed for transition from school to work.

Office Technology and Management (OTM) formerly referred to as Secretarial Studies in Nigeria evolved out of a need to meet the technological and managerial demands of today’s workplace. The new name OTM was approved by the supervising body for Nigerian Polytechnics, National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) in 2004.

1.2       Statement of Problem

Career choice is not a one shot event, it’s not just a decision that takes place at the entry point to a job, but it involves the totality of an individual’s psychological, sociological, and educational events which eventually results into occupational choice and other life roles (Her, 2003). This however becomes a huge task as the study tries to;

1.      Identify the degree acceptance of information and communication technology in organizational sector.

2.      Examine the contribution of information and communication technology to the growth of an organization.

3.      Determine the communication skills possessed by the Office Technology and Management graduating students for career readiness

4.      Determine the socio-psychological skills possessed by the Office Technology and Management graduating students for career readiness

5.      Determine the career readiness index value of the Office Technology and Management graduating students.

1.3       Purpose of the Study

The major purpose of this study is to determine the career readiness of graduating Office Technology and Management students in Ogun State Polytechnic (Moshood Abiola Polytechnic). Specifically, the study seeks to:

1.      Determine the office skills possessed by the Office Technology and Management graduating students for career readiness.

SIGNIFICANCE OF COMPUTER TO THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA

(A CASE STUDY OF DIAMOND BANK PLC) 

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The modern day business environment is dynamic and complex, and they have been a lot of technology developments, inventions of sophisticated equipment which as a result of automation of the office saves plenty of time, energy and information processing in the establishment or organization.

Computer is the most effective and efficient machine used in processing information, this is why computer is used mostly in offices today, because of the complexity and trends in technological development and because of its challenges and diversities.

Computer is so significant that is used in almost every field nationwide. Stair, JR (1986), stated in his book that “Computer are used in almost every field and profession to perform a large number of useful applications. In business, computers are used by business organizations to transact business between one or more other organizations. In banks, they use it to transfer money electronically from one location to another in a very fast way.In the science field, taking engineering for example, computers are helping to unlock the secret of our universe. Likewise in hospitals where health care is adequately delivered, computers are used to keep human system organs in shape. In Military, computers are used to know locations and how to plan war strategies. With the help of experts who have computer intelligence, several discoveries has been made in areas where no previous knowledge/materials are known.Hence, to state the effects and benefit from computer is of top priority in the society as a whole, since the emergence of computer into the Nigeria society,

The practice of professional administration has been improved which enables it to have enhanced greatly the development of the Nigerian economy. Computer offers the promise of fundamentally changing the lives of much of the world’s population.  In its various forms, Computer affects many ofthe processes of government and business, how individuals live, work and interact, and the quality of the natural and built environment.  The developmentof internationally comparable computer statistics is essential for governments to be able to adequately design, implement, monitor and evaluate computerpolicies (Madueme 2010).

Computer has now been accepted as one of the main driving force behind organizational competitiveness in the present day business environment.

 Presently, computer is having dramatic influence on almost all areas of human activities and one of the areas of economic activities in which this influenceis most manifest is the banking sector.  The banking industry is one of the critical sectors of the economy which makes invaluable contributions to thepace of economic growth and development of nations. However, this study seeks to examine the impact of computer on the Nigeria economic growthand development.

 Most developing nations including Nigeria have embarked on various reforms that foster the use of computer in their economies. Thesereforms tend to yield little or minimal benefits to economic growth and development, especially when compared with the developed countries of theWorld were Technologies advancement is known to impact fast rate of economic development.

 In Nigeria, policy on adoption of Information and communication technologies was initiated in 1999, when the civilian regime came into power of government. The operations of the licensed telecommunication service providers in the country has created some well-felt macroeconomic effects in terms of job creation, faster delivery services, reduced transport costs, greater security and higher national output (Emmanuel and Adebayo 2011).

At the wake of 2000, the federal government of Nigeria embarked on an aggressive drive towards the provision of more efficient services in the nationthrough its privatization and deregulation policies, the computer subsector. The policy thrives led to the establishment of national telecommunicationpolicy in December 2001. The policy, among other things, recognized the need for the establishment of an enabling environment for deregulation andrapid expansion of the telecommunication services in the country, the mission statement of the government was to use computer for Education, Creationof wealth, Poverty Eradication, Job Creation and Global competitiveness. The policy objective was to develop globally competitive quality manpower in computer and related disciplines. This entails developing a pool of computer engineers, scientists, technicians and software developers. Consequently,attractive career opportunities will emerge in addition to development of software’s and computer components that can earn the nation some foreignexchange. The implementation of computer policy led to the adoption of global system for Mobile-Communications (GSM) and its related componentsin Nigeria.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Considering the staggering benefits that are experienced through the significance of computer to the economic growth of Nigeria, the growth of computer in Nigeria is still limited compared to what is obtainable in developed countries; but due to the numerous obstacle, their demand could not be adequately met.

Computers are electronic devices in terms of rear definition. In actual sense, it is the latest innovation in technology, computerized management system with a view to reducing the benefit or otherwise in taking such a decision, this research work is conducted to expose some of the dwelling factors that are laundering the significance of computer to the economic growth of Nigeria. Some of these obstacles laundering the computer (ICT) as significance to the economic growth of Nigeria includes:-

v  Epileptic or Lack of Power Supply: Limited and unsteady power supply in the country which has served as one of the problems laundering computer (Internet) growth in the country.

v  Poverty and High Cost of Purchase: Lack of capital investment in order to purchase a personal computer (PC).  Ability of  an organization or an individual not being able to afford or own a personal computer (PC) or computer system of their own has affect the significance of computer in the economy,  they rather not waste their little income to have them when they have their priority at stake, such as food, clothing and shelter.

v  High Level of ICT Illiteracy: Illiteracy is a defect,’ says the white man’s adage, the high rate of illiteracy in the country is another ugly trend that is hindering the growth of computer use in the economy and this has contributed to the decline in the use of this super facility.

1.3       RESEARCH QUESTION

These are the questions that must be answered in analyzing our problem. The research study must seriously look and strive to provide answers to this asthey practically serve as the skeletal framework to guide this research work. The relevant question pertaining to this research is as follows;

     (i)            What are the uses of computer system?

   (ii)            What are the reasons for studying computer in schools?

 (iii)            What impact has computer made on business operation?

 (iv)            In what ways has computer contributed to the development of Nigeria economy?

   (v)            What problems do users in offices face when using computers?

1.4       PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Since the population of Nigeria increases year by year, so are the duties to be performed by employees in different organization increase and the office becomes more tedious day by day. In order to meet the ever demanding needs and services of the general public, the study of this topic is important inorder to know how computer has helped to boost the work and services of various individuals and organizations.

Also the general objectives of thisstudy is to analyze the impact of computer on the Nigeria economic growth and development and the following are the specific objectives:

(i)         To identify ways by which computer can contribute to economic growth and development.

(ii)        To determine the factor limiting the use of computer in all sectors of the Nigeria economy

(iii)       To examine the impact of computer on the Nigeria economic growth and development.

1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The following are the significance of the study:

·         The outcome of this study will be a useful guide to the government of Nigeria, policy makers and the general public on how computer can beused as a tool for economic growth and development of Nigeria.

·         This research will also serve as a resources base to other scholars and researchers interested in carrying out further research in this field subsequently, if applied will go to an extent to provide new explanation to the topic.

·         This study is concerned with the way computer has aided the development and growth of Nigeria`s economy in both public and private organization.

·         The Study highlights the usefulness of computer to the youth of these days and it will provide information on the significance of computer in order to aidtheirdesire or interest to study it.

1.6       LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

There were some factors that placed limitations on this study, they are as follows:

(a)   Poor response from the respondents.

(b)   Financial Constraint: Is another limitation to this work which is as a result of high cost of transportation fare to the areas of study to gather data, combined with the cost of materials to carry this work to conclusive end.

(c)     It also took great strength to convince the respondents that their responses to the questions in the questionnaire will be treated with great confidentiality and are purely academic

1.7       DELIMITATIONS

This study is delimited to the significance of computer to the economic growth of Nigeria (case study of Diamond bank Plc).

1.8       DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS

b) DATA: (Raw facts), data are symbols or signals that are input, stored and processed by a computer, for output as usable information.

c) TELECOMMUNICATION: Is the transmissionof signs, signal messages, writings images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.

d) SOFWARE: refers to a programor a set of instructions and applications used to manage and control various functions of a device such as a computer. Unlike hardware, which represents a physical part of a device, software is virtual.

1.9       CASE STUDY

HISTORY OF DIAMOND BANK

 The Bank began as a private limited liability company and was named Diamond Bank Plcin March, 21, 1991(the company was incorporated on December 20, 1990). Ten years later, in February 2001, it became a universal bank. In January 2005, following a highly successful private placement share offer which substantiallyraised the bank’s equity base, Diamond bank became a public limited company.

Since the bank’s incorporation in December 1990, it has challenged the market environment by introducing new products, innovative technology and setting new benchmarks through international standards.Today, Diamond bank is best placed to respond to changing lifestyles and is leading the digital transformation in response to these societal shifts. For example, Diamond mobile is Africa’s leading banking application and the first with touch ID. Delivering an enhanced customer experience is fundamental to its proposition. In May 2005, the bank was listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. Moreover, in January 2008, itsGlobal Depositary receipts (GDR) was listed on the professional securities market of the London stock exchange. The first bank in Africa to record thatfeat.  Today, it is one of the leading banks in Nigeria in respect for its excellent services delivery, driving by innovations and operating onthe most advanced banking technology platform in the market. And like a Diamond, our strength makes us even more valued and valuable. It has won several awards including the prestigious “Most improved Bank of the year” and also “Best bank in mergers and Acquisition”.

It has retained excellent banking relationships with the a number of well-known international banks, allowing us to provide a bouquet of world classbanking services to suit the business needs of our clients. These international banking partners include Citibank; HSBC Bank; ANZ Banking groups;ING BHF Bank AG; Standard Chartered Bank; Bolognaise Bank S.A; Deutsche Bank; Commerzbank; and Nordea Bank Plc. In 2008, to ensure weGrow with the needs of our customers, we streamlined our operations into three distinct strategic business segments: Retail banking, Corporate Banking, and public sector.

It continues to develop and to build on its core competencies, by continually cutting from the rough, we have improved our services andour banking facilities. Like cutting from a rough gem to create a diamond of the finest quality, we are proud to have become a gem of a Bank (Google).  

SIGNIFICANCE OF COMPUTER TO THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF DIAMOND BANK PLC)

This is complete chapter one.....

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